Substitutions equal one cup of the original ingredient.
| Butter, Salted | 1 cup shortening + plus 1/2 tsp salt or 7/8 cup vegetable oil + plus 1/2 tsp salt or 1 cup unsalted butter + plus 1/2 tsp salt |
| Butter, Unsalted | 7/8 cup vegetable oil or 1 cup salted butter minus 1/2 tsp salt |
| Buttermilk | 1 Tbl white vinegar + enough milk to make one cup* or 1 Tbl lemon juice + enough milk to make one cup* |
| Heavy Cream | 1/3 melted butter + 3/4 cup whole milk |
| Sour Cream | 1 cup (225 grams) plain yogurt or 1/3 cup melted butter +3/4 cup buttermilk** or 1/3 cup melted butter + 3/4 cup plain yogurt** or 1 Tbl lemon juice + 1 cup less 1 Tbl whole milk.** or 1 Tbl vinegar + 1 cup less 1 Tbl whole milk.** Let stand 10 minutes |
| Yogurt, Full Fat | 1 cup sour cream or 1 cup buttermilk |
| CHEESE | |
| American | Mild cheddar |
| Asiago | Parmesan |
| Blue | Gorgonzola |
| Brie | Camembert |
| Cheddar | Colby, American |
| Aged Chevre | Feta |
| Colby | Cheddar, American |
| Comte | Gruyère, Fontina, Emmental |
| Edam | Gouda or Fontina |
| Emmental | Jarlsberg, Gruyère, Swiss |
| Feta | Ricotta, Queso Fresco, Goat cheese |
| Fontina | Edam, Emmental, Muenster, Monterey Jack, Gruyère, Havarti, Gouda |
| Gouda | Edam, Cheddar |
| Gruyère | Emmental, Jarlsberg, Swiss |
| Jarlsberg | Emmental, Gruyère, Swiss |
| Leerdammer | Emmentaler, Jarlsberg |
| Mahon | Gouda |
| Manchego | Monterey Jack, Mozzarella, Cheddar |
| Muenster | Monterey Jack, Havarti |
| Ricotta | Dry cottage cheese |
| Swiss | Emmental, Gruyere, Jarlsberg |
| Queso Blanco | Queso Fresco, Feta |
| Raclette | Gruyere, Swiss, Fontina, Gouda, Edam |
* Let stand 5 minutes
** Let stand 10 minutes